Overview
On December 10, NSFOCUS CERT detected that Microsoft released the December Security Update patch, which fixed 57 security issues involving widely used products such as Windows, Microsoft Office, Microsoft Exchange Server, Azure, etc., including high-risk vulnerability types such as privilege escalation and remote code execution.
Among the vulnerabilities fixed by Microsoft’s monthly update this month, there are 3 critical vulnerabilities and 53 important (Important) vulnerabilities. These include 3 0day vulnerabilities:
Windows Cloud Files Mini Filter Driver Privilege Escalation Vulnerability (CVE-2025-62221)
GitHub Copilot for Jetbrains Remote Code Execution Vulnerability (CVE-2025-64671)
PowerShell Remote Code Execution Vulnerability (CVE-2025-54100)
Please update the patch as soon as possible for protection. For a complete list of vulnerabilities, please refer to the appendix.
Reference link:
https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-us/releaseNote/2025-Dec
Key Vulnerabilities
Based on the product popularity and vulnerability importance, this update contains vulnerabilities with greater impact. Relevant users are requested to pay special attention:
Windows Cloud Files Mini Filter Driver Privilege Escalation Vulnerability (CVE-2025-62221)
A privilege escalation vulnerability exists in the Windows Cloud Files Mini Filter Driver, where an authenticated local attacker can elevate privileges to SYSTEM by reusing a use-after-free kernel object through conditional competition because the Windows Cloud Files Mini-Filter Driver does not reset a pointer after releasing a kernel object. The vulnerability has been exploited in the wild, with a CVSS score of 7.8.
Official announcement link:
https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2025-62221
Microsoft Office Remote Code Execution Vulnerability (CVE-2025-62554):
A remote code execution vulnerability exists in Microsoft Office. Due to type confusion when Microsoft Office processes resources, an unauthenticated attacker can send an email containing a malicious link to the user, which will cause remote code execution after the user previews or clicks it. CVSS score 8.4.
Official announcement link:
https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2025-62554
Microsoft Office Remote Code Execution Vulnerability (CVE-2025-62557):
A remote code execution vulnerability exists in Microsoft Office. Since Microsoft Office does not clear the pointer (use-after-free) after releasing the object, an unauthenticated attacker can send a malicious link to the user via email to trick the user into opening or previewing the pane, thereby executing arbitrary code on the user’s computer. CVSS score 8.4.
Official announcement link:
https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2025-62557
Windows ReFS Remote Code Execution Vulnerability (CVE-2025-62456):
A remote code execution vulnerability exists in Windows ReFS, which can cause a heap buffer overflow when processing shared files on Resilient File System (ReFS) volumes. An authenticated attacker could trigger the heap overflow by writing overly long data to a shared folder, thereby executing arbitrary code on the user’s computer. CVSS score 8.8.
Official announcement link:
https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2025-62456
Microsoft Exchange Server Privilege Escalation Vulnerability (CVE-2025-64666)
There is a privilege escalation vulnerability in Microsoft Exchange Server. Because the Exchange Server does not fully verify the PowerShell parameters entered by the user, an authenticated attacker can add his account to the “Organization Management” administrator group by sending a constructed “role-parameters” request on the web version (ECP) or remote PowerShell. CVSS score 7.5.
Official announcement link:
https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2025-64666
Windows Storage VSP Driver Privilege Escalation Vulnerability (CVE-2025-59516)
A privilege escalation vulnerability exists in the Windows Storage VSP driver. Due to the lack of an authentication mechanism when processing critical functions, an authenticated attacker can write a malicious DLL to the driver and load it by forging a file path, thereby elevating privileges to SYSTEM. CVSS score 7.8.
Official announcement link:
https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2025-59516
Windows Remote Access Connection Manager Privilege Escalation Vulnerability (CVE-2025-62472)
A privilege escalation vulnerability exists in the Windows Remote Access Connection Manager, where an authenticated local attacker could trigger a memory error by running a specially crafted program to elevate privileges to SYSTEM because the Windows Remote Access Connection Manager does not clear pointers (use-after-free) when processing uninitialized resources. CVSS score 7.8.
Official announcement link:
https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2025-62472
Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) Remote Code Execution Vulnerability (CVE-2025-62549)
There is a remote code execution vulnerability in Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS). Since Windows RRAS does not perform verification when parsing the pointer returned by the network, an unauthenticated attacker can trick the user into connecting to a malicious VPN/RRAS server and fill in a specially designed pointer in the return packet to achieve remote code execution. CVSS score 8.8.
Official announcement link:
https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2025-62549
Scope of Impact
The following are the affected product versions of some key vulnerabilities. For the scope of products affected by other vulnerabilities, please refer to the official announcement link.
| Vulnerability Number | Affected product versions |
|---|---|
| CVE-2025-62221 CVE-2025-59516 | Windows 10 Version 1809 for 32-bit Systems Windows 10 Version 1809 for x64-based Systems Windows 10 Version 21H2 for 32-bit Systems Windows 10 Version 21H2 for x64-based Systems Windows 10 Version 21H2 for ARM64-based Systems Windows 10 Version 22H2 for 32-bit Systems Windows 10 Version 22H2 for x64-based Systems Windows 10 Version 22H2 for ARM64-based Systems Windows 11 Version 23H2 for x64-based Systems Windows 11 Version 23H2 for ARM64-based Systems Windows 11 Version 24H2 for x64-based Systems Windows 11 Version 24H2 for ARM64-based Systems Windows 11 Version 25H2 for x64-based Systems Windows 11 Version 25H2 for ARM64-based Systems Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) Windows Server 2019 Windows Server 2022 (Server Core installation) Windows Server 2022 Windows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation) Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) Windows Server 2025 |
| CVE-2025-62554 CVE-2025-62557 | Microsoft Office 2016 (32-bit edition) Microsoft Office 2016 (64-bit edition) Microsoft Office 2019 for 32-bit editions Microsoft Office 2019 for 64-bit editions Microsoft Office LTSC 2021 for 32-bit editions Microsoft Office LTSC 2021 for 64-bit editions Microsoft Office LTSC for Mac 2021 Microsoft Office LTSC 2024 for 32-bit editions Microsoft Office LTSC 2024 for 64-bit editions Microsoft Office LTSC for Mac 2024 Microsoft 365 Apps for Enterprise for 32-bit Systems Microsoft 365 Apps for Enterprise for 64-bit Systems Microsoft Office for Android |
| CVE-2025-62456 | Windows 11 Version 23H2 for x64-based Systems Windows 11 Version 23H2 for ARM64-based Systems Windows 11 Version 24H2 for x64-based Systems Windows 11 Version 24H2 for ARM64-based Systems Windows 11 Version 25H2 for x64-based Systems Windows 11 Version 25H2 for ARM64-based Systems Windows Server 2022 (Server Core installation) Windows Server 2022 Windows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation) Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) Windows Server 2025 |
| CVE-2025-64666 | Microsoft Exchange Server 2016 Cumulative Update 23 Microsoft Exchange Server 2019 Cumulative Update 14 Microsoft Exchange Server 2019 Cumulative Update 15 Microsoft Exchange Server Subscription Edition RTM |
| CVE-2025-62472 CVE-2025-62549 | Windows 10 Version 1607 for 32-bit Systems Windows 10 Version 1607 for x64-based Systems Windows 10 Version 1809 for 32-bit Systems Windows 10 Version 1809 for x64-based Systems Windows 10 Version 21H2 for 32-bit Systems Windows 10 Version 21H2 for x64-based Systems Windows 10 Version 21H2 for ARM64-based Systems Windows 10 Version 22H2 for 32-bit Systems Windows 10 Version 22H2 for x64-based Systems Windows 10 Version 22H2 for ARM64-based Systems Windows 11 Version 23H2 for x64-based Systems Windows 11 Version 23H2 for ARM64-based Systems Windows 11 Version 24H2 for x64-based Systems Windows 11 Version 24H2 for ARM64-based Systems Windows 11 Version 25H2 for x64-based Systems Windows 11 Version 25H2 for ARM64-based Systems Windows Server 2008 for 32-bit Systems Service Pack 2 (Server Core installation) Windows Server 2008 for 32-bit Systems Service Pack 2 Windows Server 2008 for x64-based Systems Service Pack 2 (Server Core installation) Windows Server 2008 for x64-based Systems Service Pack 2 Windows Server 2008 R2 for x64-based Systems Service Pack 1 (Server Core installation) Windows Server 2008 R2 for x64-based Systems Service Pack 1 Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation) Windows Server 2012 Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation) Windows Server 2012 R2 Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) Windows Server 2016 Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) Windows Server 2019 Windows Server 2022 (Server Core installation) Windows Server 2022 Windows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation) Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) Windows Server 2025 |
Mitigation
Patch update
At present, Microsoft has officially released security patches to fix the above vulnerabilities for supported product versions. It is strongly recommended that affected users install patches as soon as possible for protection. The official download link: https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/releaseNote/2025-Dec
Note: Patch updates for Windows Update may fail due to network problems, computer environment problems, etc. After installing the patch, users should check whether the patch has been successfully updated in time.
Right-click the Windows icon, select “Settings (N)”, select “Update and Security”-“Windows Update”, view the prompt information on this page, or click “View Update History” to view the historical update status.
For updates that have not been successfully installed, you can click the update name to jump to the Microsoft official download page. It is recommended that users click the link on this page and go to the “Microsoft Update Catalog” website to download the independent program package and install it.
Appendix: Vulnerability List
| Affected products | CVE No. | Vulnerability Title | Severity |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft Office | CVE-2025-62562 | Microsoft Outlook Remote Code Execution Vulnerability | Critical |
| Microsoft Office | CVE-2025-62554 | Microsoft Office Remote Code Execution Vulnerability | Critical |
| Microsoft Office | CVE-2025-62557 | Microsoft Office Remote Code Execution Vulnerability | Critical |
| Windows | CVE-2025-62454 | Windows Cloud Files Mini Filter Driver privilege escalation vulnerability | Important |
| Windows | CVE-2025-62456 | Windows Resilient File System (ReFS) Remote Code Execution Vulnerability | Important |
| Windows | CVE-2025-62457 | Windows Cloud Files Mini Filter Driver privilege escalation vulnerability | Important |
| Windows | CVE-2025-62458 | Win32k Privilege Escalation Vulnerability | Important |
| Windows | CVE-2025-62466 | Windows Client-Side Caching Privilege Escalation Vulnerability | Important |
| Windows | CVE-2025-62469 | Microsoft Brokering File System Privilege Escalation Vulnerability | Important |
| Windows | CVE-2025-62470 | Windows Common Log File System Driver Escalation Vulnerability | Important |
| Windows | CVE-2025-62472 | Windows Remote Access Connection Manager privilege escalation vulnerability | Important |
| Windows | CVE-2025-62473 | Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) Information Disclosure Vulnerability | Important |
| Windows | CVE-2025-62549 | Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) remote code execution vulnerability | Important |
| Microsoft Office | CVE-2025-62561 | Microsoft Excel Remote Code Execution Vulnerability | Important |
| Microsoft Office | CVE-2025-62563 | Microsoft Excel Remote Code Execution Vulnerability | Important |
| Microsoft Office | CVE-2025-62564 | Microsoft Excel Remote Code Execution Vulnerability | Important |
| Windows | CVE-2025-62571 | Windows Installer privilege escalation vulnerability | Important |
| Windows | CVE-2025-62572 | Application Information Service privilege escalation vulnerability | Important |
| Windows | CVE-2025-62573 | DirectX Graphics Kernel privilege escalation vulnerability | Important |
| Windows | CVE-2025-64658 | Windows File Explorer Privilege Escalation Vulnerability | Important |
| Microsoft Exchange Server,Microsoft Exchange Server Subscription Edition RTM | CVE-2025-64667 | Microsoft Exchange Server spoofing vulnerability | Important |
| Microsoft Exchange Server,Microsoft Exchange Server Subscription Edition RTM | CVE-2025-64666 | Microsoft Exchange Server privilege escalation vulnerability | Important |
| Windows | CVE-2025-64670 | Windows DirectX Information Disclosure Vulnerability | Important |
| Windows | CVE-2025-64673 | Windows Storage VSP Driver privilege escalation vulnerability | Important |
| Windows | CVE-2025-59516 | Windows Storage VSP Driver privilege escalation vulnerability | Important |
| Windows | CVE-2025-59517 | Windows Storage VSP Driver privilege escalation vulnerability | Important |
| Windows | CVE-2025-62455 | Microsoft Message Queuing (MSMQ) Privilege Escalation Vulnerability | Important |
| Windows | CVE-2025-62461 | Windows Projected File System Privilege Escalation Vulnerability | Important |
| Windows | CVE-2025-62462 | Windows Projected File System Privilege Escalation Vulnerability | Important |
| Windows | CVE-2025-62463 | DirectX Graphics Kernel Denial of Service Vulnerability | Important |
| Windows | CVE-2025-62464 | Windows Projected File System Privilege Escalation Vulnerability | Important |
| Windows | CVE-2025-62465 | DirectX Graphics Kernel Denial of Service Vulnerability | Important |
| Windows | CVE-2025-55233 | Windows Projected File System Privilege Escalation Vulnerability | Important |
| Windows | CVE-2025-62467 | Windows Projected File System Privilege Escalation Vulnerability | Important |
| Windows | CVE-2025-62468 | Windows Defender Firewall Service Information Disclosure Vulnerability | Important |
| Windows | CVE-2025-62474 | Windows Remote Access Connection Manager privilege escalation vulnerability | Important |
| Azure | CVE-2025-62550 | Azure Monitor Agent remote code execution vulnerability | Important |
| Microsoft Office | CVE-2025-62552 | Microsoft Access Remote Code Execution Vulnerability | Important |
| Microsoft Office | CVE-2025-62553 | Microsoft Excel Remote Code Execution Vulnerability | Important |
| Microsoft Office | CVE-2025-62555 | Microsoft Word remote code execution vulnerability | Important |
| Microsoft Office | CVE-2025-62556 | Microsoft Excel Remote Code Execution Vulnerability | Important |
| Microsoft Office | CVE-2025-62558 | Microsoft Word remote code execution vulnerability | Important |
| Microsoft Office | CVE-2025-62559 | Microsoft Word remote code execution vulnerability | Important |
| Microsoft Office | CVE-2025-62560 | Microsoft Excel Remote Code Execution Vulnerability | Important |
| Windows | CVE-2025-62567 | Windows Hyper-V denial of service vulnerability | Important |
| Windows | CVE-2025-62569 | Microsoft Brokering File System Privilege Escalation Vulnerability | Important |
| Windows | CVE-2025-62570 | Windows Camera Frame Server Monitor Information Disclosure Vulnerability | Important |
| Windows | CVE-2025-62565 | Windows File Explorer Privilege Escalation Vulnerability | Important |
| Windows | CVE-2025-64661 | Windows Shell Privilege Escalation Vulnerability | Important |
| Other | CVE-2025-64671 | GitHub Copilot for Jetbrains remote code execution vulnerability | Important |
| Microsoft Office | CVE-2025-64672 | Microsoft SharePoint Server Spoofing Vulnerability | Important |
| Windows | CVE-2025-64678 | Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) remote code execution vulnerability | Important |
| Windows | CVE-2025-64679 | Windows DWM Core Library privilege escalation vulnerability | Important |
| Windows | CVE-2025-64680 | Windows DWM Core Library privilege escalation vulnerability | Important |
| Windows | CVE-2025-62221 | Windows Cloud Files Mini Filter Driver privilege escalation vulnerability | Important |
| Windows | CVE-2025-54100 | PowerShell remote code execution vulnerability | Important |
| Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) | CVE-2025-62223 | Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) for Mac spoofing vulnerability | Low |
Statement
This advisory is only used to describe a potential risk. NSFOCUS does not provide any commitment or promise on this advisory. NSFOCUS and the author will not bear any liability for any direct and/or indirect consequences and losses caused by transmitting and/or using this advisory. NSFOCUS reserves all the rights to modify and interpret this advisory. Please include this statement paragraph when reproducing or transferring this advisory. Do not modify this advisory, add/delete any information to/from it, or use this advisory for commercial purposes without permission from NSFOCUS.
About NSFOCUS
NSFOCUS, a pioneering leader in cybersecurity, is dedicated to safeguarding telecommunications, Internet service providers, hosting providers, and enterprises from sophisticated cyberattacks.
Founded in 2000, NSFOCUS operates globally with over 4000 employees at two headquarters in Beijing, China, and Santa Clara, CA, USA, and over 50 offices worldwide. It has a proven track record of protecting over 25% of the Fortune Global 500 companies, including four of the five largest banks and six of the world’s top ten telecommunications companies.
Leveraging technical prowess and innovation, NSFOCUS delivers a comprehensive suite of security solutions, including the Intelligent Security Operations Platform (ISOP) for modern SOC, DDoS Protection, Continuous Threat Exposure Management (CTEM) Service and Web Application and API Protection (WAAP). All the solutions and services are augmented by the Security Large Language Model (SecLLM), ML, patented algorithms and other cutting-edge research achievements developed by NSFOCUS.
