Development of ICS Security

1.1 Development of Industrial Intelligence

The following figure shows the development history of industrial control systems (ICSs).

The history of ICSs can date back to the 18th century when James Watt improved the steam engine by adding a throttling controller, i.e., a centrifugal governor. The centrifugal governor works like this: It obtains feedback signals by using a shaft around which it rotates with the steam engine. Also, it adjusts the positions of flyballs with the aid of centrifugal force, so as to regulate the steam throttle for control of the rotational speed of the steam engine. It is believed that this kind of centrifugal governor marks the beginning of automatic regulation and automatic control. (more…)